Which of the following are ways torque is measured?

Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object, and it is quantified as the product of force and distance from the pivot point (or axis of rotation). The correct choice includes units specifically used to measure torque, which are inch-pounds, foot-pounds, and Newton-meters.

Inch-pounds and foot-pounds are commonly used in the imperial measurement system, where torque is calculated by multiplying the force (in pounds) by the distance (in inches or feet, respectively) from the pivot point. Newton-meters are part of the metric system, representing torque by multiplying the force in newtons by the distance in meters. These units allow for a clear understanding of the mechanical advantage and the forces involved in turning or rotating an object, which is essential in aviation mechanics, as it directly impacts the performance and safety of aircraft components.

The other choices listed do not exclusively represent standardized torque measurements or incorporate units unrelated to torque. Therefore, the correct answer effectively encapsulates the specific measurements that are vital for understanding and applying torque in the context of aviation and mechanical engineering.